The preliminary step in achieving an efficient research is recognizing its various dimensions. Knowledge of up-to-date and practical research methods, especially in religious studies, is to be attached a special importance. Studies on religious teachings particularly those related to the Holy Quran, have undergone ups and downs in recent centuries.An effective factor in this regard has been the emergence of western thoughts most of which have become available through translation without considering Islamic/Iranian culture. Neglecting the ultimate goal of research in religious studies has almost confused scientific communities as it concerns the adoption of a correct methodology.Meanwhile, by returning to religious and Quranic teachings as the main sources of guidance towards reflection and contemplation, and by utilizing diverse epistemological instruments, the researcher can be directed more effectively to his goal.A survey of various research outlook and definitions and also the clarification of the true status of research in Quranic verses are among the topics covered by this article.

This article investigates the role of CONCEPTUAL Metaphors of 3 behavioral economics biases, including Irrational Evaluation, Labeling, and Replacing market values with social values on Willingness to Pay (WTP) and Willingness to Accept (WTA) of Participants. To extract experimental, CONCEPTUAL metaphors, the results of field studies were checked on a group of 30 participants in the first phase. In the second phase, we used the semi-pilot method on 30 other participants through 2 stages for investigating CONCEPTUAL metaphors. Analysis of variances showed that that the CONCEPTUAL metaphors used in this article do not influence Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Sell. However, in Willingness to Pay status, among other biases, the impact of irrational evaluations CONCEPTUAL metaphors has stronger effects, whereas, in Willingness to Accept status, replacing market values with social values is stronger than other biases. The results of this research showed that three mentioned behavioral principles that were implemented through CONCEPTUAL metaphors, couldn't influence buying or selling decisions of participants significantly, but the efficacy of these behavioral principles were different in buying and selling decisions.

This article presents the major findings of the researches accomplished on the organizational development status of Tehran Universities of the Ministry of Science, Research & Technology. In this research, a systemic CONCEPTUAL model on university organizational development was first developed based on the current theoretical basics and research backgrounds. Based on this model, the organizational development status of the five universities included in the research sample was then evaluated in three ASPECTs, namely CONCEPTUAL, structural and functional. The senior managers (n = 132) and faculty teaching staff (n = 310) answered the related questionnaires. The results of the research indicate that I) the senior managers of the universities do not have enough familiarity with the theoretical basics (the CONCEPTUAL ASPECT) of university organizational development; 2) the existing structures at the universities do not have the necessary competence for the advancement of organizational development;3) the whole fundamental practices (the functional ASPECT) of organizational development have not been exercised effectively at the universities; 4) there is no meaningful difference between the status of triple ASPECTs of organizational development in different industrial universities and non-industrial universities; 5) there is a very wide gap between the current status and the desired (expected) status of organizational development at the universities; 6) the triple ASPECTs of organizational development of the universities do not correlate with each other.

Introduction: The ethical dimensions of agriculture need to be explored, distinguishing between ethics in agriculture and ethics of agriculture. Ethics in agriculture is traditionally based on abstract moral theory, formulated through logical reasoning, but often found inadequate to address the complex ethical challenges within agriculture due to its abstract nature and lack of practical visibility. Conversely, ethics of agriculture is approached within a context-specific framework derived from the research topic with the aim of providing more tailored solutions. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the relevant literature is conducted, using a descriptive-analytical approach to provide a CONCEPTUAL framework for understanding agricultural ethics. Conclusion: The article highlights the critical need for a comprehensive ethical framework to address the multifaceted ethical challenges in the agricultural sector. The importance of analyzing and resolving ethical dilemmas at all stages of agriculture is underscored in order to align practices with human ideals and to ensure ethical decision-making by stakeholders involved in agriculture.

Introduction: . The family as a social institution plays a key role in institutionalizing, accepting and promoting the culture of productivity. Since the origin of productivity is the literature of economics and management, it has not been able to establish its CONCEPTUAL links with the "family" institution. Thus, it is necessary to explain the concept of "family productivity" in the intra-family dimension. This research seeks to extract it in the form of a model by calculating the components, dimensions and different CONCEPTUAL layers of family productivity. Method: In this way, by Apllying thematic analysis with library studies and interviews with experts, he has analyzed the topic with an emphasis on the field of "Economic Productivity". Findings: According to the CONCEPTUAL model, the family has inputs that transform it into various economic and social outputs in the family and society in the context of action and decision making. But every type of decision that the family makes has effects and consequences for its inputs and economic and social capital. The analysis of the economic productivity model of the family shows that the culture of productivity carries with it a meaning system and imposes on economic behaviors. In this way, by combining the requirements of the family and the culture of productivity, the desired economic behaviors are separated by the fields of action (including work and production, capital and physical assets, government subsidies, credit, loans, necessary expenses, welfare and luxury expenses, savings, investment, charitable expenses, intergenerational transfers, debt and debt, risk management and insurance, taxation, allocation and recycling). Discussion: Productive decisions will increase the input level and non-productive decisions will reduce or waste resources, and this feedback loop will always continue. The components of the productivity culture in the family can be repeated and practiced, and this culture can be easily transmitted through the family. In their big and small decisions, people can determine the level of productivity and even witness the consequences of their choices. Also, the analysis of behaviors shows that the three pillars of need, capability and belief are actually the intervention levers in determining the economic productivity of the family, which causes the diversity of the economic lifestyle of the families.

Among different natural principles, water and plants are of greater importance. They usually influence other natural factors. If they are carefully taken into consideration at the time of environmental designing, a more qualified sustainable living space will be achieved, which in return will result in economic saving. Meanwhile, it is important to be familiar with the different CONCEPTUAL, functional and esthetic ASPECTs of the mentioned principles to be able to organize them in a better way. Herein, the wise combination of water and plants in Persian gardens is a remarkable example of their kind which crystallizes a sustainable design with respect to the above ASPECTs. This paper investigates the importance of water, trees and flowers -as leading environmental factors- in Islamic documents in addition to some gnostics viewpoints. The position of these principles in Persian gardens is discussed afterwards. The results show that the Persian garden has a wise, philosophical design concept in which the environmental factors as water and plants are arranged not only to provide people with their physical needs (fuctional and esthetic ASPECTs), but also to focus on their metaphysical and intellectual ASPECTs (CONCEPTUAL ASPECT). These qualities have made the Persian gardens to survive over the centuries, while harnessing a great cooperative relationship with nature.

Among different natural elements, water and plants are the most important ones. They usually influence the other natural elements. If they are carefully taken into consideration at the time of environmental design, a more qualified sustainable living space could be developed which could result in an economic saving as well.Meanwhile, it is important to be familiar with the different CONCEPTUAL, functional and esthetic ASPECTs of the mentioned elements to be able to organize them in a better way. Herein, the wise combination of water and plants in the Persian gardens is a remarkable example of its kind which crystallizes a sustainable design with respect to the above ASPECTs.This paper investigates the importance of water, trees and flowers –as the leading environmental factors- in Islamic documents in addition to some gnostics viewpoints. The position of these elements in the Persian gardens is discussed afterwards.The results show that the Persian garden has a wise, philosophical design concept in which the environmental factors such as water and plants are arranged, not only to provide people with their physical needs (Functional and Esthetic ASPECTs), but also to prepare them with a metaphysical and intellectual space (CONCEPTUAL ASPECT).These qualities have made the Persian gardens survive over the centuries, while harnessing a great cooperative relationship with nature.

The present study was conducted by examining the views of relevant experts and their exposure to child labor in Shiraz. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed based on grounded theory. Ten axial categories and one core category were extracted from the coding process. The core category was developed under the title of "institutional passivity and sectoralism". The results of the research showed that the causal conditions such as incompatibility and institutional and managerial confusion, diversity of perspectives to the phenomenon of child labor and non-governmental organizations and indifference towards child labor has caused the emergence of this phenomenon. Intervening conditions include: negative representation and conflicting media activities, Inhibition of some domestic and international rules and laws and child labor of nationals and the problem of identification and identity. This central phenomenon is located in special conditions and contexts due to family pressure and starting the work process in childhood, child labor as an income generating industry, child labor as a source of financial support for the family and the unique opportunity for working children, and Shiraz's oppurtunities for immigrants. The type of encounter with working children in Shiraz has caused numerous consequences that can be seen Unreasonable increase of child labor of nationals, Failure to contain and control the problem of working children, lack of proper organization and social support of working children, Anonymity of working children and persuasion and encouragement of nationals to immigrate to Shiraz.

Present-and past perfect paradigms are commonly thought of as having the perfect ASPECT. Examining the concept of tense and ASPECT along with their definitions, the present study argues that what is often referred to as the perfect ASPECT in Persian is essentially a temporal concept. Taking into consideration the reference-, event-, and speech points, the study shows that the reference point comes necessarily after the event point in the case of the present-and the past perfect as well as their variants. In other words, this indicates the continuing relevance of a previous situation. Since this concept does not entail the completeness of the event, referring to it as “, perfect”,would be inaccurate. For this reason, the present study proposes the term the anterior tense as a substitute for the perfect ASPECT. The authors emphasize the significance of the reference situation in determination of grammatical tenses by referring to the function of temporal adverbs and participles. Participles, as independent words, are present in the structures of deverbal adjectives, perfect verbs, passive verbs, complex predicates, and attributive expressions. In all these functions, the morpheme of “,-te/-de”,represents the anterior tense. Reexamining the previous approaches, the present study reveals that tense, in addition to representing the reference and speech situations in the form of the trichotomy of present/past/future, represents the reference and event situations as well. In other words, tense of a verb encompasses both the trichotomy of past/present/future and the dichotomy of anterior/non-anterior.